The results of this study had an impact on Artley: “And I’ll never forget that because that’s kind of what personally and professionally one of my own guideposts is, we always have to honor our indigenous thinking. They then recorded the health improvements that resulted-improvements in blood pressure, diabetes, arthritis. According to Artley, one of the projects the Institute had done was to take elders from the community and put them on their indigenous diet for over a month.
In 1990, they took a delegation to Four Worlds Institute in Alberta, Canada, where Philip Lane Jr was working with the Blood Reserve. Representatives from this group worked with the Seventh Generation Fund in California to be trained in sustainable technologies. Photo by Angelo BacaĪccording to Artley Skenandore (who is now the principal and athletic director for the Oneida high school, but who served as the General Manager for the Tribe from 1990-98), the roots of Tsyunhehkw^ began in the 1980’s, with an Iroquois Cooperative. In 1993, the tribe opened a successful casino, and has since used the funds to buy back land (according to the Land Office, by June 2013 the tribe owned approximately 25,042 acres, or 39% of the reservation), as well as open an elementary/middle school and tribal high school, and found the Oneida Community Integrated Food System (OCIFS).Īrtley Skenandore (Oneida), Principal and Athletic Director for the Oneida high school, and former General Manager for the Oneida Nation. The Oneida Tribal Land Office was created in 1977, and the tribe has been working to gain back reservation lands ever since. As in many communities, this policy had devastating effects– by the early 1900’s, most of the land on the Oneida reservation was owned by non-Indians.
The Dawes Act of 1887 led to the allotment of communally held land on many reservations, including the Oneida of Wisconsin. There the Oneidas entered into a treaty with the Menominee Nation, purchasing some of their land to create a 65,400 acre reservation.
In the early 19 th century, some Oneida moved north to Canada, and others moved west to what is now Wisconsin. This allegiance did not spare Oneida land from American encroachment as they had hoped it would. During the American Revolution, most of the Six Nations sided with the British, but the Oneida sided with the Americans, even traveling to Valley Forge during the winter of 1777-78 to bring corn to Washington’s starving troops. The Haudenosaunee were great farmers-European explorers and American settlers remarked during the 17 th and 18 th centuries about the vast cornfields tended by Haudenosaunee women, and abundant storehouses in which millions of bushels of corn are reported to have been burned by the French in 1687 and the Americans in 1779. The Oneidas are part of the Haudenosaunee (also known as Iroquois or Six Nations) Confederacy, whose territory stretched across what is now the state of New York.
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